A 25-cm long predominantly aragonite stalagmite was collected in 2005 from Dharamjali Cave (29.5°N, 80.2°E) in the central Himalayas. This dataset contains stable isotope, trace element, XRF, U/Th dating, and dripwater data. The age model spans 4.2 to 2.3 ka BP, and the dataset records seasonal shifts in hydroclimate from 4.2 to 3.1 ka BP. Using the DHAR-1A half of the speleothem, 750 samples were milled at 100–300 µm resolution for stable isotope analysis (δ18O and δ13C) and analyzed at GFZ Potsdam. Further high-resolution stable isotope analysis at the University of Cambridge included 876 samples from the bottom 4 cm of the mirroring slab DHAR-1B, covering c. 4.2–3.6 ka BP. The δ44/40Ca measurements were made on 60 aragonite samples of aragonite and 1 calcite sample milled between 4.2 and 2.8 ka BP. The elemental composition of DHAR-1B was determined first with an Avaatech XRF scanner at the University of Cambridge, and later using laser ablation inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) at the University of Waikato. U-series dating was performed at Caltech on 22 samples. Twelve U-series ages (between 2.55 and 4.14 ka BP) were used to construct the age models, using ensembles of 2000 Monte Carlo simulations for each proxy using the MATLAB-based COPRA script (Breitenbach et al., 2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-1765-2012).

The .xlsx file contains five sheets relating to measurements made on the DHAR-1 stalagmite. All data sheets contain a column for depth in millimeters from the top of the sample (youngest age), as well as the modeled age based on the U/Th dates.

The first sheet features stable isotope data from oxygen, carbon, and calcium. The oxygen and carbon isotopes were measured both at low resolution for the entire stalagmite covering 4.2-2.3 ka BP (columns B:G) and high resolution for a sub-section covering only 4.2-3.6 ka BP (columns J:O). Calcium isotopes are measured between 4.2 and 2.8 ka BP (columns R:T).

The second sheet features XRF ratio data (Ba/Ca, Cl/Ca, Fe/Ca, Pb/Ca, S/Ca, Si/Ca, Sr/Ca, Ti/Ca, and Zn/Ca) from the entire stalagmite (columns B:T).

The third sheet has laser ablation ICP-MS elemental data as ratios (Al/Ca, B/Ca, Ba/Ca, Bi/Ca, Co/Ca, Cr/Ca, Cu/Ca, Fe/Ca, K/Ca, Li/Ca, Mg/Ca, Mn/Ca, Mo/Ca, Na/Ca, Ni/Ca, Pb207/Ca, Pb208/Ca, S/Ca, Se/Ca, Si/Ca, Sr/Ca, Th/Ca, Ti/Ca, Tl/Ca, U/Ca, Y/Ca, and Zn/Ca) (columns B:BD).

The fourth sheet features cave measurements made during the field campaign in April and October 2006, including dD and d18O from cave drip water, a nearby pond, and rainwater (columns B:I). Measurements for d44Ca were made for the host rock, drip water, and modern carbonate forming in the cave (columns L:N).

The fifth sheet includes a table of U-series dates from 238U and 232Th (columns B:H). High Th for some of these dates warranted their exclusion from the age model (the lowest Th was chosen for replicate depths). The final age model was based on 12 dates.