Repository logo
 

Disrupted iron regulation in the brain and periphery in cocaine addiction

Accepted version
Peer-reviewed

Change log

Authors

Ersche, KD 
Jones, PS 
Raha-Chowdhury, R 
Williams, GB 

Abstract

Stimulant drugs acutely increase dopamine neurotransmission in the brain, and chronic use leads to neuroadaptive changes in the mesolimbic dopamine system and morphological changes in basal ganglia structures. Little is known about the mechanisms underlying these changes but preclinical evidence suggests that iron, a coenzyme in dopamine synthesis and storage, may be a candidate mediator. Iron is present in high concentrations in the basal ganglia and stimulant drugs may interfere with iron homeostasis. We hypothesised that morphological brain changes in cocaine addiction relate to abnormal iron regulation in the brain and periphery. We determined iron concentration in the brain, using quantitative susceptibility mapping, and in the periphery, using iron markers in circulating blood, in 44 patients with cocaine addiction and 44 healthy controls. Cocaine-addicted individuals showed excess iron accumulation in the globus pallidus, which strongly correlated with duration of cocaine use, and mild iron deficiency in the periphery, which was associated with low iron levels in the red nucleus. Our findings show that iron dysregulation occurs in cocaine addiction and suggest that it arises consequent to chronic cocaine use. Putamen enlargement in these individuals was unrelated to iron concentrations, suggesting that these are co-occurring morphological changes that may respectively reflect predisposition to, and consequences of cocaine addiction. Understanding the mechanisms by which cocaine affects iron metabolism may reveal novel therapeutic targets, and determine the value of iron levels in the brain and periphery as biomarkers of vulnerability to, as well as progression and response to treatment of cocaine addiction.

Description

Keywords

biomarker, ageing, basal ganglia, iron proteins, inflammation, QSM

Journal Title

Translational Psychiatry

Conference Name

Journal ISSN

2158-3188
2158-3188

Volume Title

Publisher

Nature Publishing Group
Sponsorship
Medical Research Council (MR/J012084/1)
Medical Research Council (G0701497)
Medical Research Council (G0401527)
Medical Research Council (G1000143)
Medical Research Council (MR/N003284/1)
Cancer Research Uk (None)
Medical Research Council (G0001354)
This work was supported by the NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre and the Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute (which was supported by a joint award from the Medical Research Council and the Wellcome Trust). The Food Frequency Questionnaire and related analysis software were used in the study. These instruments were initially developed as part of the EPIC-Norfolk Study, which was supported by Cancer Research UK programme grant (C864/A8257).