This dissertation describes the discovery, exploration and mapping of Wrangell and Herald Islands. Political disputes about sovereignty over the islands will be examined from the early 20th century until the present. The attempts at early settlement by Canadian, United States and Russian parties are described. Regarding current plans for the National Reserve, a brief explanation will be given of scientific themes relevant to the islands and their future, such as biology and geology. The analysis of the sovereignty disputes will demonstrate effective de facto sovereignty by Russia. If the Russian government proceeds with conservation policies, the islands may qualify as the first World Heritage Site in the Arctic regions. This designation would permit Russia to advance Arctic conservation achievements, thus allowing Wrangell Island and Herald Island to assume an important place comparable with other World Heritage Site islands such as the Galapagos, Aldabra and Heard Island. This would facilitate conclusion of a Treaty with the United States Government which would thence annul any basis for contention over sovereignty, thus confirming the de jure rights of Russia.