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Rice consumption and risk of cardiovascular disease: results from a pooled analysis of 3 U.S. cohorts.


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Authors

Muraki, Isao 
Wu, Hongyu 
Laden, Francine 
Rimm, Eric B 

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Health concerns have been raised about rice consumption, which may significantly contribute to arsenic exposure. However, little is known regarding whether habitual rice consumption is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. OBJECTIVE: We examined prospectively the association of white rice and brown rice consumption with CVD risk. DESIGN: We followed a total of 207,556 women and men [73,228 women from the Nurses' Health Study (1984-2010), 92,158 women from the Nurses' Health Study II (1991-2011), and 42,170 men from the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (1986-2010)] who were free of CVD and cancer at baseline. Validated semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaires were used to assess consumption of white rice, brown rice, and other food items. Fatal and nonfatal CVD (coronary artery disease and stroke) was confirmed by medical records or self-reports. RESULTS: During 4,393,130 person-years of follow-up, 12,391 cases of CVD were identified. After adjustment for major CVD risk factors, including demographics, lifestyle, and other dietary intakes, rice consumption was not associated with CVD risk. The multivariable-adjuted HR of developing CVD comparing ≥5 servings/wk with <1 serving/wk was 0.98 (95% CI: 0.84, 1.14) for white rice, 1.01 (0.79, 1.28) for brown rice, and 0.99 (0.90, 1.08) for total rice. To minimize the potential impact of racial difference in rice consumption, we restricted the analyses to whites only and obtained similar results: the HRs of CVD for ≥5 servings/wk compared with <1 serving/wk were 1.04 (95% CI: 0.88, 1.22) for white rice and 1.01 (0.78, 1.31) for brown rice. CONCLUSIONS: Greater habitual consumption of white rice or brown rice is not associated with CVD risk. These findings suggest that rice consumption may not pose a significant CVD risk among the U.S. population when consumed at current amounts. More prospective studies are needed to explore these associations in other populations.

Description

Keywords

cardiovascular disease, coronary artery disease, longitudinal study, rice, stroke, Adult, Cardiovascular Diseases, Cohort Studies, Diet, Dietary Fiber, Female, Food Contamination, Food Handling, Glycemic Index, Health Personnel, Humans, Incidence, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Oryza, Proportional Hazards Models, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Seeds, United States, White People

Journal Title

Am J Clin Nutr

Conference Name

Journal ISSN

0002-9165
1938-3207

Volume Title

101

Publisher

Elsevier BV
Sponsorship
Medical Research Council (MC_UU_12015/5)
Supported by NIH grants CA50385, CA87969, CA176726, CA167552, HL60712, HL034594, HL088521, and HL35464. QS was supported by a career development grant R00HL098459 sponsored by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. FI was supported by Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit Core Support (MC_UU_12015/5).