http://www.dspace.cam.ac.uk:80/handle/1810/194745 Fri, 24 May 2013 14:24:31 GMT 2013-05-24T14:24:31Z http://www.dspace.cam.ac.uk:80/handle/1810/244266 Title: Chinese parenting and children's compliance to adults: a cross-cultural comparative study Authors: Huang, Ching-Yu Soar Abstract: The current study examined the parenting beliefs and practices of Taiwanese, Chinese immigrant (all first-generation immigrants in the UK) and English mothers, and the compliance of their young children (aged 5–7), in order to elucidate the effects of child temperament, culture and acculturation strategies on reported parenting beliefs and practices, observed parental behaviour, child behaviour, mother–child interaction dynamics and children’s compliance. The data were collected from a total of 90 families with 5- to 7-year-old children in Taiwan and the UK. Child temperament, parenting beliefs and practices and acculturation were assessed using questionnaires, and parental behaviour, child behaviour, dyadic interaction dynamics and child compliance were assessed using observation in two tasks (Etch-A-Sketch and clean-up). Semi-structured interviews were also conducted with the Chinese immigrant parents to gather more information regarding their acculturation and parenting. Cultural differences were found between groups in reported as well as observed parenting and children’s compliance. The Taiwanese mothers reported greater use of Chinese-specific parenting and physical coercion and were observed to use more (gentle and assertive) physical intervention than both the Chinese immigrant and English mothers. The Chinese immigrant mothers reported a higher degree of child autonomy than the Taiwanese and English mothers, and also reported cultivation of their children’s independence. The stronger the Chinese immigrant mothers' affiliation with Chinese culture, the more they reported adopting the Chinese-specific parenting style; the longer they had been in the UK, the less they reported authoritarian parenting. The English mothers were rated as more responsive and less negatively controlling than the Chinese immigrant mothers; they also showed more positive affect than both the Chinese immigrant and Taiwanese mothers. There were few cultural differences between groups in the children’s behaviour, although Taiwanese children showed more situational compliance than Chinese immigrant children. Further regression analyses showed that child characteristics, such as child age and temperament, affected the parents’ and children’s behaviour as well as dyadic interactional dynamics. Committed compliance, situational compliance and opposition were associated with different predictors, suggesting that they are qualitatively different and are associated with different developmental processes. Committed compliance may develop as children grow older, mediated by surgency; situational compliance, on the other hand, was associated with authoritarian parenting and mothers’ use of negative control, which varied by culture. Child opposition was predicted by neither child characteristics nor parenting. These findings provide valuable insights into parenting and children’s compliance in different cultural contexts. The results underscore the importance of looking at human development from a holistic perspective. The active role that children play in shaping their developmental process, their parents’ parenting and the culture they live in should all be taken into account when attempting to understand their development. Tue, 05 Feb 2013 00:00:00 GMT http://www.dspace.cam.ac.uk:80/handle/1810/244266 2013-02-05T00:00:00Z http://www.dspace.cam.ac.uk:80/handle/1810/244127 Title: Work-Family Conflict and Well-Being in Northern Europe Authors: Scott, Jacqueline; Plagnol, Anke C. Abstract: Looking at 7 North European countries, we use the European Social Survey to investigate men and women's work-family conflict and wellbeing. We find that men's wellbeing is increased if the divide of domestic work is less traditional. The ramifications for this for gender equality is discussed. Sun, 01 Jan 2012 00:00:00 GMT http://www.dspace.cam.ac.uk:80/handle/1810/244127 2012-01-01T00:00:00Z http://www.dspace.cam.ac.uk:80/handle/1810/244040 Title: Partner (dis)agreement on moving desires and the subsequent moving behaviour of couples Authors: Coulter, Rory; van Ham, Maarten; Feijten, Peteke Abstract: Residential mobility decisions are known to be made at the household level. However, most empirical analyses of residential mobility relate moving behaviour to the housing and neighbourhood satisfaction and pre-move thoughts of individuals. If partners in a couple do not share evaluations of dwelling or neighbourhood quality or do not agree on whether moving is (un)desirable, ignoring these disagreements will lead to an inaccurate assessment of the strength of the links between moving desires and actual moves. This study is one of the first to investigate disagreements in moving desires between partners and the subsequent consequences of such disagreements for moving behaviour. Drawing on British Household Panel Survey (BHPS) data, we find that disagreement about the desirability of moving is most likely where partners also disagree about the quality of their dwelling or neighbourhood. Panel logistic regression models show that the moving desires of both partners interact to affect the moving behaviour of couples. Only 7.6% of couples move if only the man desires to move, whereas 20.1% of shared moving desires lead to a subsequent move. Description: This is the pre-peer reviewed version of the following article: Coulter, R., van Ham, M. and Feijten, P. 2012. Partner (dis)agreement on moving desires and the subsequent moving behaviour of couples. Population, Space and Place 18(1), pp. 16-30, which has been published in final form at http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/psp.700. Sun, 01 Jan 2012 00:00:00 GMT http://www.dspace.cam.ac.uk:80/handle/1810/244040 2012-01-01T00:00:00Z http://www.dspace.cam.ac.uk:80/handle/1810/244039 Title: A longitudinal analysis of moving desires, expectations and actual moving behaviour Authors: Coulter, Rory; van Ham, Maarten; Feijten, Peteke Abstract: Residential mobility theory proposes that moves are often preceded by the expression of moving desires and expectations. Much research has investigated how individuals form these pre-move thoughts, with a largely separate literature examining actual mobility. Although a growing number of studies link pre-move thoughts to subsequent moving behaviour, these often do not explicitly distinguish between different types and combinations of pre-move thoughts. Using 1998-2006 British Household Panel Survey (BHPS) data, this study investigates whether moving desires and expectations are empirically distinct pre-move thoughts. Using multinomial regression models we demonstrate that moving desires and expectations have different meanings, and are often held in combination: the factors associated with expecting to move differ depending upon whether the move is also desired (and vice versa). Next, using panel logistic regression models, we show that different desire-expectation combinations have different effects on the probability of subsequent moving behaviour. The study identified two important groups generally overlooked in the literature: those who expect undesired moves and those who desire to move without expecting this to happen. Description: The definitive, peer reviewed and edited version of this article is published in Environment and Planning A, 2011, 43(11), pp. 2742-2760, doi:10.1068/a44105. Tue, 01 Nov 2011 00:00:00 GMT http://www.dspace.cam.ac.uk:80/handle/1810/244039 2011-11-01T00:00:00Z http://www.dspace.cam.ac.uk:80/handle/1810/243520 Title: Challenges and Recommendations for ‘Visitors’ Teaching Design in the Developing World towards Sustainable Equitable Futures: Four Divided Nations Authors: Jann, Marga Abstract: The four arenas of architectural and design education explored in this paper are Sri Lanka, Korea, Cyprus, and Uganda, each of which graciously welcomed the author's teaching and research for a year or so as Visiting Professor. The study attempts to pave the way for further exhaustive international exchange and cooperation in the design arts towards long-term poverty reduction and sustainable development, with a focus on challenges and recommendations for "visiting" design critics. Description: Monograph Sun, 01 Jan 2012 00:00:00 GMT http://www.dspace.cam.ac.uk:80/handle/1810/243520 2012-01-01T00:00:00Z http://www.dspace.cam.ac.uk:80/handle/1810/242230 Title: Changing Public Views of Gender Roles in seven nations: 1988-2002. Authors: Scott, Jacqueline; Braun, Michael Abstract: The paper analyzes the change of gender-role attitudes from 1988 to 2002 along two dimensions: the consequences of female labor-force participation for the children and a general gender ideology. Both dimensions are measured by two core items which can be regarded as equivalent across countries. We focus on those countries for which we have data for all three points in time (1988, 1994 and 2002), i.e. Austria, West Germany, Great Britain, the United States, Ireland, the Netherlands and Hungary. While in countries that have established long-time series for gender-role attitudes a liberal trend could be demonstrated to operate at least from the 1970s to the 1990s, scholars are discussing a possible trend reversal in more recent times. Actually, what the most recent ISSP data show is less a trend reversal than a leveling off the liberal trend. This is particularly true of Great Britain and the United States, which were already characterized by less traditional attitudes; whereas in most of the countries with more traditional attitudes the liberal trend is continuing (in particular: Austria and West Germany). The leveling off in Great Britain and the United States cannot be explained as a methodological artifact, i.e. a ceiling effect, as Scandinavian countries have far lower levels of traditionality. Hungary appears to be a special case, with traditional attitudes coming to the fore after the collapse of socialism but now becoming more liberal. A wider look at the development of other post-socialist societies suggests that there is a marked liberal trend, particularly in countries where attitudes have been most traditional. Unfortunately, ISSP data do not allow us to examine whether most former socialist countires experienced a temporary traditional blip, in the wake of the breakdown of socialism. A main focus of our paper is to understand the importance of cohorts for attitudinal change. We examine how much change is due to aging of period effects that influence all cohorts in a similar way, and how much is due to cohort replacement. Thu, 01 Jan 2009 00:00:00 GMT http://www.dspace.cam.ac.uk:80/handle/1810/242230 2009-01-01T00:00:00Z http://www.dspace.cam.ac.uk:80/handle/1810/242178 Title: Panel data and open-ended questions: understanding perceptions of quality of life Authors: Scott, Jacqueline; Nolan, Jane; Plagnol, Anke C. Abstract: This paper describes the burgeoning interest in quality of life studies and suggests that as well as expert definitions, we need to consider people’s own perceptions of what matters. Using openended questions from the 1997 and 2002 waves of the British Household Panel Survey we analyse both quantitatively and qualitatively how perceptions of quality of life differ for men and women across the life course. Qualitative analysis reveals that key domains such as health, family and finances often refer, not to self, but to others. Longitudinal analysis demonstrates that people’s perceptions of quality of life change over time, particularly before and after important life transitions. Thus our findings challenge overly individualistic and static conceptions of quality of life and reveal quality of life as a process, not a fixed state. Sun, 31 May 2009 23:00:00 GMT http://www.dspace.cam.ac.uk:80/handle/1810/242178 2009-05-31T23:00:00Z http://www.dspace.cam.ac.uk:80/handle/1810/242177 Title: Paid and Unpaid Work. Can Policy Improve Gender Inequalities? Authors: Scott, Jacqueline; Dex, Shirley Thu, 01 Jan 2009 00:00:00 GMT http://www.dspace.cam.ac.uk:80/handle/1810/242177 2009-01-01T00:00:00Z http://www.dspace.cam.ac.uk:80/handle/1810/242176 Title: Introduction: changing lives and new challenges Authors: Scott, Jacqueline; Dex, Shirley; Joshi, Heather; Purcell, Kate; Elias, Peter Tue, 01 Jan 2008 00:00:00 GMT http://www.dspace.cam.ac.uk:80/handle/1810/242176 2008-01-01T00:00:00Z http://www.dspace.cam.ac.uk:80/handle/1810/242175 Title: What matters for well-being: Individual perceptions of quality of life before and after important life events. Authors: Scott, Jacqueline; Plagnol, Anke C. Abstract: In recent decades, what matters for individual quality of life (QoL) has increasingly been the focus of empirical social science research. However, individuals are rarely asked directly what is important for their quality of life as part of large-scale surveys. The present analysis studies perceptions of what matters for QoL in a largescale longitudinal dataset – the British Household Panel Survey – which includes an open-ended question on QoL in three waves spanning ten years. We find that concepts of QoL change over the life course and differ between men and women.We hypothesize that changes in perceptions of QoL are related to important life events, such as the birth of a first child and retirement. These life events constitute ’turning points’ after which individuals often shift their priorities of what matters for their QoL.We further explore whether such shifts in priorities are stable or disappear more than five years after the life event. Sun, 22 Nov 2009 00:00:00 GMT http://www.dspace.cam.ac.uk:80/handle/1810/242175 2009-11-22T00:00:00Z http://www.dspace.cam.ac.uk:80/handle/1810/242174 Title: Do Historical Changes in Parent–Child Relationships Explain Increases in Youth Conduct Problems? Authors: Scott, Jacqueline; Gardner, Frances; Stephan, Collishaw; Maughan, Barbara; Pickles, Andrew Abstract: The coincidence of historical trends in youth antisocial behavior and change in family demographics has led to speculation of a causal link, possibly mediated by declining quality of parenting and parent–child relationships. No study to date has directly assessed whether and how parenting and parent–child relationships have changed. Two national samples of English adolescents aged 16–17 years in 1986 (N=4,524 adolescents, 7,120 parents) and 2006 (N=716 adolescents, 734 parents) were compared using identical questionnaire assessments. Youth-reported parental monitoring, expectations, and parent–child quality time increased between 1986 and 2006. Ratings of parental interest did not change. Parenting differences between affluent and disadvantaged families narrowed over time. There was thus little evidence of a decline in quality of parenting for the population as a whole or for disadvantaged subgroups. Parent-reported youth conduct problems showed a modest increase between 1986 and 2006. Findings suggested that the increase in youth conduct problems was largely unrelated to observed change in parent–child relationships. Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 GMT http://www.dspace.cam.ac.uk:80/handle/1810/242174 2011-01-01T00:00:00Z http://www.dspace.cam.ac.uk:80/handle/1810/242173 Title: Introduction: what’s new about gender inequalities in the 21st century? Authors: Scott, Jacqueline; Crompton, Rosemary; Lyonette, Clare Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 GMT http://www.dspace.cam.ac.uk:80/handle/1810/242173 2010-01-01T00:00:00Z http://www.dspace.cam.ac.uk:80/handle/1810/242172 Title: Quantitative methods and gender inequalities Authors: Scott, Jacqueline Abstract: This paper argues that concerns that the feminist agenda is better served by qualitative not quantitative methodology were based on a rather narrow definition of feminism and a somewhat misleading portrayal of quantitative research. Using exemplar studies undertaken as part of the ESRC Research Priority Network on Gender Inequalities in Production and Reproduction (GeNet), I show how quantitative analysis can forward our understanding of the processes that underlie gender inequalities. Quantitative approaches are essential to examine the processes of selection and exclusion that reflect and create gender inequalities as manifest in changing lives and structures. Quantitative analysis of longitudinal data is used for investigating dynamic processes and different patterns of gendered resource allocation in productive and reproductive activities; whereas in-depth qualitative analysis is used to unpick the different national policy contexts for work-family balance. This can help inform how quantitative researchers (some of whom are feminists) interpret what they count Wed, 30 Jun 2010 23:00:00 GMT http://www.dspace.cam.ac.uk:80/handle/1810/242172 2010-06-30T23:00:00Z http://www.dspace.cam.ac.uk:80/handle/1810/242171 Title: Perceptions of quality of life: gender differences across the life course Authors: Scott, Jacqueline; Plagnol, Anke C.; Nolan, Jane Description: publisher allowed for publication of one (this) chapter Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 GMT http://www.dspace.cam.ac.uk:80/handle/1810/242171 2010-01-01T00:00:00Z http://www.dspace.cam.ac.uk:80/handle/1810/242170 Title: Changing gender role attitudes Authors: Scott, Jacqueline Tue, 01 Jan 2008 00:00:00 GMT http://www.dspace.cam.ac.uk:80/handle/1810/242170 2008-01-01T00:00:00Z http://www.dspace.cam.ac.uk:80/handle/1810/242169 Title: Experiences of age and gender: narratives of progress and decline Authors: Scott, Jacqueline Abstract: This article examines experiences of chronological age. Using data from the British Household Panel Survey, we analyze both qualitatively and quantitatively verbatim responses from 8177 respondents aged 16 and over concerning the (dis)advantages of their age. Two main questions are tested: 1) Is the cultural narrative of age decline supported by the experiences of our respondents? 2) Are age experiences differentiated by gender? We find people's age experiences are multidimensional and multidirectional, incorporating narratives of progress and decline. Our data show marked gender differences in age experiences, but give little support to claims of a double standard concerning the aging body. More generally, we find that people contrast current experiences with their younger and older selves. We argue that future conceptual developments need to take seriously both synchronic and diachronic understanding of age, highlighting not just the present but also the distinctive historical development of individuals across time. Thu, 01 Jan 2009 00:00:00 GMT http://www.dspace.cam.ac.uk:80/handle/1810/242169 2009-01-01T00:00:00Z http://www.dspace.cam.ac.uk:80/handle/1810/242168 Title: The changing world of the temporary worker: the potential HR impact of legislation. Authors: Burchell, Brendan J.; Biggs, David; College, Magdalene; Millmore, Mike Sun, 01 Jan 2006 00:00:00 GMT http://www.dspace.cam.ac.uk:80/handle/1810/242168 2006-01-01T00:00:00Z http://www.dspace.cam.ac.uk:80/handle/1810/242167 Title: Flexicurity as a moderator of the relationship between job insecurity and psychological well-being Authors: Burchell, Brendan J. Abstract: Flexicurity has been heralded as the solution to simultaneously maintain the well-being of employees through employment security while allowing employers to benefit from flexibility. This paper examines one of the claimed benefits that countries with flexicurity policies will reduce the stress on employees who experience job insecurity. More specifically, it is argued 10 that more generous unemployment benefits along with active labour market policies to facilitate rapid re-employment reduces the anxiety associated with insecurity. Analyses of two international data sets found little evidence for this moderation of the link between insecurity and well-being in countries that are assumed to be exemplars of flexicurity. The economic rationality behind these claims is questioned, and a psychological approach to job 15 insecurity is suggested as an alternative. Thu, 01 Jan 2009 00:00:00 GMT http://www.dspace.cam.ac.uk:80/handle/1810/242167 2009-01-01T00:00:00Z http://www.dspace.cam.ac.uk:80/handle/1810/242166 Title: RLS and blood donation Authors: Burchell, Brendan J.; Allen, Richard P.; Miller, Jessica K.; Hening, Wayne A.; Earley, Christopher J. Abstract: Background and purpose: The link between brain iron deficiency and RLS is now well established. In a related observation, several conditions that can deplete iron stores have been linked to increased probability of RLS. Blood donation has been linked to iron deficiency. It has thus been hypothesized that donating blood may be a risk factor for developing RLS. Patients and methods: Two thousand and five UK blood donors, ranging from first-time donors to some who had donated more than 70 times, completed the validated Cambridge-Hopkins RLS questionnaire (CH-RLSq) following their donation session. The questionnaire included a set of questions designed to diagnose RLS. The donors’ histories of blood donations were determined both from self-report and from the National Blood Service database. Results: A number of statistical models were constructed to determine whether the probability of RLS diagnosis was related to the history of blood donations. Controlling for age and sex, no evidence was found to suggest that a greater number or frequency of blood donations increased the risk of RLS. Even amongst sub-groups especially vulnerable to iron depletion through blood donation, such as vegetarians or low weight individuals, no evidence for an increased risk of RLS could be found. Conclusions: We found no evidence that the frequency or number of blood donations up to the UK maximum of three times a year would increase the risk of RLS. Thu, 01 Jan 2009 00:00:00 GMT http://www.dspace.cam.ac.uk:80/handle/1810/242166 2009-01-01T00:00:00Z http://www.dspace.cam.ac.uk:80/handle/1810/242165 Title: Communication in an "Officeless firm" Authors: Burchell, Brendan J.; Lai, Yi Abstract: New technologies permit new types of organisations. This article describes and analyses one such organisation, an "officeless firm", where all employees work from their own homes and there is no central office. Drawing upon observations and interviews, the modes of communication and the nature of the interpersonal relationships that have permitted this organisation to succeed are described, along with the challenges that face this organisation in the future as it attempts to grow. Tue, 01 Jan 2008 00:00:00 GMT http://www.dspace.cam.ac.uk:80/handle/1810/242165 2008-01-01T00:00:00Z